Executive Branch

Executive Branch

The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws and implementing policies.

Comprised of the President and Vice President, appointed by direct popular vote for a six-year term.

Legislative Branch

Legislative Branch

The branch of government empowered to make, alter, and repeal laws.

Consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively known as the Philippine Congress.

Judicial Branch

Judicial Branch

The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and ensuring justice.

Includes the Supreme Court and lower courts, tasked with upholding the Constitution and legal rights.

Power and Government

Power is the capacity to achieve desired outcomes despite opposition, often exercised by governments through formal organizations.

Governments demand compliance from the population to maintain social order.

Types of Authority

Traditional Authority

Legitimization of power based on long-standing cultural patterns.

Rational-Legal Authority

Legitimization of power through legally created rules and regulations.

Charismatic Authority

Legitimization of power based on extraordinary personal skills that inspire devotion.

Economic Institution

An enduring organization or relationship created to manage basic economic challenges.

Forms of Redistribution and Exchange of Products

Forms	Meaning	Examples
RECIPROCITY	Generalized Reciprocity Transaction between socially equal parties, emphasizing personal relationships over economic value.	Dowry in Muslim weddings Eldest child providing for siblings' education
	Balanced Reciprocity Expectation of return in a transaction, often involving delayed reciprocity.	Business transactions between artists and advertisement companies
	Negative Reciprocity Deceptive transaction seeking maximum gain with minimal cost.	Business ventures with unfamiliar individuals
REDISTRIBUTION	Redistribution Process of collecting and distributing goods and services by a central authority to foster interdependence.	Tax collection and redistribution, charitable donations
MARKET EXCHANGE	Market Exchange Transaction governed by supply and demand, often involving monetary exchange.	Money transactions for goods or services