Physics and Cosmology Reviewer
Special Relativity
In resolving the conflict between Newtonian mechanics and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, what concepts of transformation were used?
Lorentz transformation
Which of the following is an inertial frame?
The frame of an object at rest in your room.
According to the special theory of relativity, physical laws are the same in frames of reference which:
Move at uniform velocity.
Which of the following is true according to special relativity?
Physical laws are the same in frames of reference which move at uniform velocity.
Which of the following is a postulate of special relativity?
The laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniformly moving frames of reference.
Time dilation is a consequence of which of the following?
The curvature of space-time.
As an object approaches the speed of light, time on that object moves slower and slower. What would happen if that object would theoretically reach the speed of light?
Time will stop.
A ship that travels at the speed of light in a vacuum is impossible to achieve for the following reasons, EXCEPT:
The time on that ship would be faster relative to the time on Earth.
Special Relativity proposes concepts like time dilation and length contraction. However, these effects are negligible in our everyday lives. Why is this the case?
It is only noticeable at speeds that approach the speed of light.
At their closest position with one another, Pluto is approximately 4.3 billion kilometers from Earth. What would this distance be at the perspective of an astronaut traveling towards Pluto at a constant 70% speed of light?
3.07 billion km.
A spaceship is traveling through space at a constant speed of 75% speed of light. How long is one year on that spaceship compared to one year on Earth?
0.13 years.
General Relativity
Which of the following is TRUE about black holes?
The time slows down when compared to time on Earth.
General relativity predicts a number of phenomena EXCEPT:
Constant acceleration of a massive object.
According to General Relativity, how do time, frequency, and wavelength change for a wave (like light) traveling against a gravitational field (moving away from a massive object)?
Time slows down, so the frequency increases, and the wavelength becomes longer.
Which of the following best explains the General Theory of Relativity?
The mass curves space-time.
Which of the following theory explains gravity?
General relativity.
According to the theory of general relativity, which of the following best explains the sudden curve of light that travels in a straight path?
A strong gravitational force exerted.
Special Relativity predicts phenomena like time dilation and length contraction. Why are these effects not readily apparent in our everyday experiences?
It's only noticeable at speeds that approach the speed of light.
Which of the following ripples in the geometry of space is produced by the acceleration of moving objects?
Gravitational waves.
Which of the following best explains the sudden curve of light that travels in straight path?
A strong gravitational force exerted.
Astronomy and Cosmology
Which of the following determines the distance by measuring the angle of apparent shift in an object's position?
Parallax.
A police car with its siren on approaches you. What happens to the sound of the siren as it gets closer?
The sound gets louder and higher-pitched.
The speed of light is constant relative to the frame of reference, and its value is approximately:
300,000,000 m/s.
Which term describes the phenomenon where a rotating body's axis of rotation changes its orientation?
Precession.
Applying the inverse square law, how would a star’s apparent brightness change if its distance from us tripled?
The brightness of the star will decrease by 9 times.
Scientists primarily determine the age of the universe by measuring:
The temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
The theory of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) suggests the universe is:
Around 13.8 billion years old.
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