Race and Ethnicity

Race

A social division based on physical attributes.

Ethnicity

A social division based on cultural aspects, including common ancestry, language, or religion.

Prejudice and discrimination based on ethnicity can lead to social inequality.

Racism and Discrimination

Racism

Advantage or disadvantage based on color, culture, or ethnic origin, often manifested through prejudice and discrimination.

Institutionalized racism and discrimination can perpetuate social inequalities.

Equality and Social Stratification

Equality aims to provide everyone with equal opportunities regardless of their background or abilities.

Social stratification arises from imbalances in educational attainment, wealth, power, and gender inequality.

Philippine Law

R.A. 7610 (Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act)

Legislation aimed at protecting the rights of women and children.

Gender equality legislation, such as the Magna Carta of Women, addresses gender discrimination.

Top Government Positions and Equality

Women holding top government positions contribute to promoting equality and bridging cultural divides.

Social Inequality Factors

• Educational Attainment: Unequal distribution of academic resources leading to educational inequality.
• Wealth and Poverty: Disparities in wealth distribution, highlighted during events like the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Power: Economic, cultural, and social positions contributing to symbolic status and reputation.
• Gender Inequality: Differences in lived experiences between genders, influenced by biology, psychology, and cultural norms.

Social Issues in the 21st Century

Local, national, and global inequalities persist, affecting indigenous communities, economic policies, and international relations.

Social Stratification

Social Stratification

Classification of people into socioeconomic classes based on occupation, income, wealth, and social status.

Stratification involves relative social positions within society, often divided into upper, middle, and lower classes.

Social Desirables

Resources considered valuable by societies, including prestige, power, and wealth, which contribute to an individual's social standing.